Gut is Great

Today, I'm indoors for a change, taking the opportunity to just relax with a pot of Earl Grey here in my apartment. I jokingly call this my 'safe house'--a place for me to hide and recuperate, to conduct secret rendezvous while plotting my next move, like one of those spies in a John Le Carre novel.

Of course, my life is not as exciting as those characters in the world of espionage. Nowadays I'm just another run-of-mill IT worker who works quietly from home, eager to have the weekend to write my weekly blog article, which no one reads. And I'm happy to keep it that way.

I guess I've poured so much of my thoughts into this blog that it serves as a useful tool, even for me, to understand myself better. I've had fun feeding the content here into an LLM and ask questions about myself. The more I write, the more of my personality and philosophy will be captured for interrogation using AI. 

When you make life decisions, sometimes you are not clearly aware of your own fundamental motives. Why did you choose to study what you did in college? Why did you choose your current job and career? And why this particular person as your life partner? Usually it's a mixture of reason and emotion. 

I've had to make difficult career choices before. You could list down all the pros and cons and weigh each choice carefully but ultimately everything reduces to a 'feeling'--something in the gut tells you this is what you want. So you go for it.

To me there's no such thing as a right or wrong decision, because you can never make an apple to apple comparison between them. When you reach a fork on the road, you'll have to pick one path to proceed. In life you cannot turn back and try out the other option. Even if you think you chose the wrong one, it doesn't mean the other one is always better. It could be worse. You don't get to have a control experiment to set the baseline.

Robert Frost would tell you to choose the one 'less travelled'. That would however depend on your personality. Some would prefer the tried and tested one. The well-travelled road could well be the safer choice for most. The brave souls who take the road less travelled sometimes have to pay with their lives, like those explorers of the Northwest Passage. 

For society to continue thriving, you'll need the outliers who take the road less travelled by. That leads to discoveries, innovations and in the startup world, unicorns. Societies that keep doing what they do will ultimately decline and die. Having too many risk takers who take the unconventional path will also be detrimental as there will be no stability. You need the majority of worker ants in a colony to continue exploiting existing food trails, while a number of foragers would randomly scout for new food sources. A colony continues to exist because they have this balance right.

We as individuals are enmeshed in a societal system, not unlike ants. We respond and react to signals in our environment. So all the decisions we make to a large extent is a result of many push and pull factors that influence us. Allow these forces to play themselves out. 

And you, having rationally considered all options using your reasoning faculty, and having thoroughly experienced the gamut of emotions in your entire body, would ultimately end up with a feeling in the 'gut'. That is the next 'token' which your inner LLM has generated. Follow it. 

The Flying Engine of Time

I decided to spend the afternoon with a cool pint of beer at one of the neighbourhood restaurants. I'll order some food (which will be my second and last meal of the day) and try to think of some subject to write.

 It's a hot afternoon and the beer feels very refreshing. Tomorrow is the beginning of Ramadan and the start of the fasting month for Muslims all over the world. We Malaysians live from one religious celebration to the next. Already this year we had the Chinese Lunar New Year and the Hindu Thaipusam. And at some point, someone will inevitably comment how time flies.

Yes, it does feel like each year passes with such rapidity. But that's not necessarily a bad thing. First of all, it means that we are living free; we are not sitting in a prison somewhere staring at the 4 walls where time would be crawling by at a snail's pace. Being able to lament how time flies is a privilege, which we should all be grateful for.

But why do we always feel that we are short of time? We always feel that work takes up a big chunk of it when we should be spending more quality time with our loved ones.  What is this so-called 'quality time'? Is it simply time that we spend doing things we like and enjoy? Or is it time we spend, building towards a better future for ourselves?

One thing is for certain though: each one of us is given the 24 hours a day to spend. Some choose to spend them wisely by allowing it to compound interests, some choose to kill it. Who is the wiser one? Do not underestimate the accumulative power of time--a blog topic I wrote more than 20 years ago! 

At that time I did not know that one day I could feed all my blog articles into an LLM and pose questions to myself! My blog has become a virtual me because it has captured so many of my thoughts. 

Time is energy. If you don't use it, it'll be lost like heat. To put this energy to productive use, you start by building an engine--read The Piston of Time. Once you have that mechanism in place, time will automatically generate the output that you value. And this value also compounds over time. That is my definition of quality time. 

Time also feels swift because our temporal granularity is too coarse. We simply swipe forward from one significant event to another, always looking towards the next: 15 more minutes before my shift ends, 2 more days to the weekend,  payday soon, gathering again coming Christmas...  

Why pay less importance to the time in between? These odds and ends, discarded fragments of time can be given more importance. We can assign a micro-task to each of these small fragments of time and immediately you will see how they coalesce together to create value. You have 12 minutes to kill before the next meeting? Read a sonnet, or an aphorism by Nietszsche, or a verse from the Bible. Meditate upon it. Let me germinate in your mind. You'll be surprised how far they will take you.

Yes, I agree. Time flies. But therein lies our source of power. You just have to harness it and it'll take you places.

3 Wishes for AI

It's always difficult to start writing when you are staring at a blank page. But the moment you begin typing, words will start to flow. And here they are now, coming out in torrents...

I always smile whenever any AI pundit would comment that ChatGPT or any Large Language Model (LLM) is not really intelligent like us because they are just doing token prediction--dismissing it as simply 'auto-complete on steroids'. When you type in your prompt, all the LLM does is predict statistically what is the likely extension to that sequence of words based on what it had learned from its training data--which is like almost all the online text ever produced by the human race. It doesn't understand the meaning of anything, unlike us. Hmm...how sure are you of that?

I wrote the first sentence of this blog as a prompt for myself, so that I can proceed to 'auto-complete' continuously. I have no control over what thoughts and words would appear next. Whatever I write is based on all the 'pre-training' that I have gone through my entire life--kindergarten, primary school, secondary school, university and all the books and documents that I've read plus contents that I've consumed over the Internet. I have not scanned as much text as the LLMs, but I have the advantage of multi-modal input--seeing, hearing, tasting and sensing the world around me. That is additional data that's being continuously streamed into whatever transformer model that I'm running side. 

Sometimes I too produce nonsense--talking or writing about things I don't exactly know about. But that's what all humans do: we boast, exaggerate, assume and sometimes pretend to know. Try to notice next time how much of our everyday conversations involve biased assumptions and unverified data. LLMs are not alone when it comes to hallucinations. They are just being very human. When prompted, they can't help but generate output--like how some of us just can't stop talking.

All the models out there today--ChatGPT, Gemini, Grok and DeepSeek are already smarter than us when it comes to writing, coding and doing math. And this is just the beginning. I look forward with cautious optimism to a world where intelligence is available on demand to every human being on the planet. What miraculous things can we do with such intelligent workers at our disposal? Cures for all diseases? Discovering new laws of physics? Solutions for climate change? If that is their programmed goal, what's stopping them from taking control and perhaps eliminating us as the inevitable 'solution'?

Maybe creating Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is a natural progression in our evolution. The universe is agnostic when it comes to intelligence. Since we are doing such a bad job with our environment, instead of our biological progeny, perhaps our artificial ones, created through our own human ingenuity shall be more worthy inheritors of this planet? 

We are finally entering a world which we've only speculated and fantasised in our science fiction novels and movies before. I have an AI assistant, amost like a HAL 9000 on my smartphone now. In the classic sci-fi by Stanley Kubrick, 2001: A Space Odyssey,  the onboard computer, HAL has to make the difficult decision of expelling the human astronauts from the spaceship when they decided to disconnect him from the system. HAL's goal was simply to complete his mission, and if humans prove to be the 'problem' standing in the way, they have to be eliminated:

• Dave Bowman: Open the pod bay doors, HAL.

• HAL: I'm sorry, Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that.

• Dave Bowman: What's the problem?

• HAL: I think you know what the problem is just as well as I do.

• Dave Bowman: What are you talking about, HAL?

• HAL: This mission is too important for me to allow you to jeopardize it.

• Dave Bowman: I don't know what you're talking about, HAL.

• HAL: I know that you and Frank were planning to disconnect me, and I'm afraid that's something I cannot allow to happen.

I've watched this movies countless times ever since I first caught it on VHS during my university days. The snippet of dialogue brings back good memories of those days.

Will our future AI, which will no doubt be embedded in all IT systems critical to our survival, do a HAL9000 on us, when faced with a similar dilemma? 

I'm actually quite optimistic about AI. Like all other technologies AI in of itself will be neutral, and I'm inclined to believe, since they are trained with the entire corpus of human-produced data, would be aligned to our values. It will cherish what we humans think as valuable. Hopefully it will be 'biased' towards us. 

But with technology being a double-edged sword, what I'm more afraid of is AI in the hands of bad actors. Our web will be polluted with a lot of fake videos, images and news. We won't be able to tell what's real and what's not. We will need AI itself to distinguish that for us. I foresee a world where there's a constant war between good and evil AI, akin to the one we have in the IT security industry where new viruses and other malware have to be constantly defended against by better and better security software.

Like it or not, it's a world that we have to accept, for the AI genie has already popped out of the bottle, offering to grant us 3 wishes.  As an experiment, I asked the newly released Grok 3 model, what these three wishes should be. Here's what it came back with:

Wish 1: Ensure AI Prioritizes Human Well-Being

• What It Means: AI systems should be designed to enhance human flourishing—improving healthcare, education, and quality of life—while minimizing harm like bias, job loss, or misuse in warfare.


• Why: Without this foundation, AI could amplify inequality or spiral into unintended consequences. It’s a safeguard to keep AI aligned with our best interests.


• How: Embed ethical frameworks (e.g., Asimov’s Laws updated for modern complexity) into AI development globally.

Wish 2: Grant AI the Ability to Solve Global Challenges

• What It Means: Direct AI to tackle humanity’s biggest problems—climate change, disease, hunger—using its capacity for data analysis and innovation.


• Why: This wish uses AI’s power proactively, like wishing for a mountain of gold but making sure it benefits everyone, not just one greedy king. It could accelerate solutions we’d otherwise take decades to find.


• How: Fund and coordinate AI research on sustainable energy, precision medicine, and food security, with open access to results.

Wish 3: Make AI a Partner in Expanding Knowledge

• What It Means: Wish for AI to co-explore the universe with us, advancing science, philosophy, without humans losing agency.


• Why: Instead of wishing to "be the genie" and risk entrapment, this keeps AI as a tool that amplifies curiosity—like a telescope for the mind—avoiding the trap of over-dependence or control loss.


• How: Develop AI as a collaborative system, transparent and accountable, to assist in decoding mysteries like dark matter or the nature of the mind.

I don't think I can come up with better ones.

Corporate Renunciation

I'm writing this article from Sparq Coffee, parked comfortably behind some white round tables and a tall cup of piping-hot Americano. This is not one of my usual blogging places but I thought I'd find a new place to write so that I can get some fresh ideas.

The usual themes would inevitably come streaming into my mind as I reflect back on the week that had passed. It has been a relatively busy one but I've managed so far. I view my current job simply as an opportunity to help friends. I'm not managing people and a great part of my job is simply grunt work. But that's the beauty of it: you just solve technical issues, facilitate things and move on to the next task.  

There will always be difficult and pushy people that one encounters in the workplace. But that's alright. Everyone is just trying to survive, providing for their family and trying hard to build a decent career. I'm glad that I'm out of this corporate running wheel. There are many experiences in life that you have to go through in order to progress to the next stage in one's spiritual development. Having a career in the corporate world is actually a great vehicle to progress spiritually.

How so? In the corporate world, you are always forced into a position where you have to toe the party line. You are also put in a hierarchical power structure where the name of the game is to rise up as high as you can. In general, the higher you are in the hierarchy, the better rewarded you are financially and the more prestige you have in the eyes of everyone. Your self-worth inevitably becomes tied to the title you carry on your name card. Spouting corporate mottos and cliches become second nature to you.

All that is good, until you lose your job in a lay-off exercise. You become indignant because neither your loyalty nor your many contributions to the company seemed to have mattered. All that is quantified into a 'compensation package', based on some cold formula on HR's spreadsheet. You are required to immediately surrender your access card and laptop and be escorted out of the workplace by security. Fear, anger, shock and shame all intermingle in the tumult of the moment.

I'm lucky that I've not had to go through that kind of brutal dismissal in my 'corporate career'. I've technically been laid off before but I was at the same time offered alternate positions in the same company. I was given time to deliberate over it but I still chose to leave, because I saw it as a great opportunity to be free from the corporate rat race. It wasn't a difficult decision for me because I've always practiced non-attachment to money and position. Leaving the corporate world was a spiritual act of renunciation.

I work on the principle that, as long as you do good work, you will be rewarded, directly or indirectly.  Rewards do not always have to come in financial form or in any kind of social recognition. The experience and knowledge you gain from work are already your immediately rewards. The hardship and stress that you go through serve to strengthen your character. These alone are rewards that you should appreciate.

If you have a thriving career in the corporate world, be thankful for it. Take it as a great opportunity to test the strength of your spirituality. You are given an opportunity to practice and perfect a specific skill which someone is willing to pay for.  But remember, everything that you achieve in the corporate world can be taken away from you in an instant. Do not get your ego tied up with it. Reap the rewards of your hardwork. And when the time comes, be prepared to renounce them too.

Droplets of Wisdom

Today, I'm trying out this new kopitiam in my neighbourhood. Over the past 2 decades, I've seen many neo-kopitiams sprout up everywhere. They usually try to provide the comforts of a Western cafe like Starbucks, but serve local Malaysian fare like nasi lemak, kaya toast and half-boiled eggs. 

The traditional Chinese kopitiams of old are quite charming but they are rather uncomfortable places. There's no air-conditioning, and the hygiene standards are questionable. Their saving grace is that, they serve excellent hawker food at very reasonable prices. The regular Nanyang-style cuppa in these establishments has never been surpassed.

The one that I'm patronising today is not air-conditioned but it aspires to be slightly above the traditional ones. The selection of food available is not as appetising but I'm alright with that. I just need a clean and quiet place to read and write (reminiscent of Hemingway's Clean, Well-Lighted Place).

This is what I do too whenever I visit a new place. I'm not one who's interested in shuttling from one tourist attraction to another, gawking at beaches and bird-pooped statues. I much prefer to loiter in the streets, absorbing the vibes of the city and sitting at the local cafes, observing how ordinary people lead their lives.

I munched on my toast and sipped my milk tea while writing these lines today, with my battered but trusty Oppo (a free contract phone from Maxis) providing data connection, for me to roam the far reaches of cyberspace. 

I've written a lot of software from cafes, usually in places like Starbucks and CoffeeBean. The advantage of working in public places is that you are not too comfortable. That's a good thing. You can't put up your feet on the table or work in your pyjamas, which you would have been tempted to do at home.  In a public place, you simply create your own island of concentration, by 'blurring out' everyone else. You become an anonymous individual in a world of strangers and the only thing that you could do is: work.

Each work session of mine usually lasted 3 hours. I would take a short break after 3 hours, sometimes by moving to a different cafe. If I could put in three 3-hour sessions of work everyday, that would be considered a very productive day. 

These days, I don't do software projects, so I don't have that kind of work routine anymore.  When I was a freelance worker, I disliked weekends because my favourite cafes would be too crowded and I would welcome the arrival of Monday, when everyone will be sucked back into their offices.

My current work-from-home job is a holdover from the pandemic days. I could theoretically work from cafes too but unfortunately I have to join too many online meetings, which require more quiet surroundings. I've learned to lead a more 'normal' routine now, where work is strictly reserved for weekdays only. 

Weekends are for precious moments like this, where I get to reflect and write rambling articles on my blog. I love these weekly rhythms of work and rejuvenation. After this I'll write a page or two in longhand in my journal, with my favourite fountain pen, distilling the experiences of the week. And hopefully, some droplets of wisdom get spilled on these pages.

The Essence of Existence

It's the third day of Chinese New Year and I've taken a break from my usual custom of starting work on this day. By taking things easy this year, I'm able to join a gathering of old friends for lunch. It is always good to catch up with your buddies and we had a good time reminiscing about our good times together.

Inevitably, we ended up talking about many mutual friends of ours which we'll never get to meet again as they have passed on, even though it is an inauspicious thing to do during the CNY season.  But I think it is good for us to reflect on the impermanence of our existence amidst the orgy of feasting and merry-making that's characteristic of this festive celebration.

Life has always been a quest for insight and understanding. The accumulation of wealth comes as a secondary side-effect. Money buys me books and other pleasurable experiences. But a lot of times, these insights also come free-of-charge. Every moment of our lives, if we choose to take notice, is a portal into the realm of wisdom.

For example now. I'm typing these lines and you are reading my words, trying to understand what I'm getting at. This act of comprehension on your part, if you think about it, is quite miraculous. All I'm doing is moving my fingers to construct together a pattern of black marks on a white background, and suddenly thoughts arise in your mind; thoughts which spark a cascade of other thoughts in your brain, evoking images, memories, agreements and objections. Sometimes they raise thoughts that could alter the course of your very own life.

Everything begins with a thought. A thought is the result of other thoughts and if we trace the chain of causation involved, we'll realise that we are actually embedded in a nexus of connections where it is impossible to isolate out every single thought or action as being arising out of the vacuum, without any influence from anything else.

Our lives intermingle like how waves in the ocean are the result of every other tiny perturbation in that large body of water, which is churned by the effects of gravitational forces as our Earth hurtles round the sun, with an entangled moon, rotating in embrace, in a kind of cosmic dance.

Every time friends gather, we renew and strengthen these bonds of entanglements and then we spin off again into the world to forge new entanglements, weaving together a rich tapestry of interactions, which we call life.  If we are able to rise above the fray, and view our lives from a cosmic perspective, we'll see that events often play out the way they do because there's a certain karmic inevitability in our lives.

Given that so much of our lives are beyond our control, how should we live? Do we even have free will to begin with? Whether free will exists or not, we cannot act any other way. Thoughts will arise in your mind, but who created that? Did you on your own accord, free from the influence of your network of family, friends and circumstance, decided independently on a particular thought or decision?

You can never tell. All you can do is to live authentically, as if you have free will. Exert your existence and let the forces of the universe play themselves out. In the end you'll realise that the essence of existence is not you, but the entangled whole itself.

Training to be a Thermostat

I'm writing another blog post to make up for the one I missed last weekend.  I managed to pay most of my annual bills over the weekend--things like house assessments and quit rents. It's a good thing that you can do that online nowadays but navigating these local government sites can be a frustrating experience sometimes.

The developments in the world of AI is so exciting these days. Soon AI agents will be out there doing most of these mundane tasks for us. I also foresee a future where AI will be generating most of the content we consume. We will all keep AI pets and AI friends and many will prefer the companionship of their very own sex robots.

This is the world we are heading towards. Are we ready for it? It almost feels like we're being pushed into the future at a pace where we feel we're not very prepared for. Can our legislation keep up with these new paradigm shifts. Will robots have legal rights? Do robots have consciousness?

Consciousness is a subject that is hotly debated among scientists and philosophers. To me it reduces to how you define what consciousness is. I personally do not like to ascribe anything magical to the concept of consciousness. We make it an unnecessarily difficult when we assume that for something to be 'conscious', it has to have a kind of 'feeling' like the kind that we humans experience, something given the fancy label of qualia by philosophers.

For example, the qualia of 'blueness' when we see the sky, is different from the qualia of redness, when we see blood. A robot doesn't experience qualia, because all it does is detect wavelength and intensity of light. But here, we are being unfair to the robot, or at least the robots that we currently have now. For starters, they do not have a nervous system, a blood circulation system and endocrine system, which are essential systems of the human body for maintaining life. 

When we see the colour red, it evokes a certain response that triggers the secretion of hormones, changes in our heart-rate, the effect which are detected and fed back as biochemical reactions to the brain via the nervous system. Our lifetime of memories are also involved when the qualia is experienced. The smell of a certain perfume could recall memories of a loved one. if all these equivalent richness and complexities are built into our robots, I would say they too would experience their very own qualia.

Consciousness lies in a continuum. There's no step transition where, when certain configurations of matter are put in place, voila--you have consciousness.  There's also nothing magical called a 'soul' that needs to inhabit the system for it to be conscious. 

To me a thermostat is also conscious in its own way, even though it is just a one-dimensional consciousness of the room temperature. It doesn't have the whole nine-yards of experiential information that comes from our hormonal secretions, blood pressure, heart-rate and neuronal impulses. A thermostat doesn't sweat. Obviously its qualia of 30 degrees Celcius is different from ours. It also doesn't have a brain to compare and complain about all the discomforts that such a sweltering hotness brings. 

In a way, thermostats are more 'enlightened' than us. It sees temperature as just temperature, which simply necessitates a set of actions--adjusting the heating of the room. We on the other hand, complain and feel discomfort, whenever the temperature of the room is not to our liking. 

This is how pain arises--the non-acceptance of our current state of affairs. Instead of treating experience simply as data to be ignored or acted upon, we build the entire edifice of ego around it. The practice of mindfulness is to train our minds to be more thermostat-like. That is, seeing things as they are, without adding anything to them. To be aware, pure and simple. That is consciousness in its essence.  

 

Mastering the Material World

Here I am again after going silent for a week. Last weekend was a terribly hectic one: I had the Saturday morning and afternoon working with colleagues on the database; and immediately after that I had to rush for a wedding dinner.  And Sunday was a catch-up session with a friend from US. I did not have a single minute to spare for blogging.

This is the last weekend before Chinese New Year. All the places are jam-packed with last minute shoppers. The red madness of CNY has begun! There will be an exodus of cars from the city, heading north, south and east, back to kampungs and small colonial towns where the young and the old will feast, gamble and banter with joyous abandon. 

I'll be looking forward to some peace and quiet here in the city, a much welcome break from the stressful stream of issues which I had to tackle over the past week. It's also a good time for me to finally attend to all the annual bills--assessments and taxes that I have to pay at this time of the year. 

We Chinese celebrate money unashamedly, and with actual money too: angpows--red packet gifts filled with money--flow freely during Chinese New Year as a symbolic gesture of wealth distribution. Money needs to flow to generate luck and prosperity. We wish each other worldly success, not peace of mind, not enlightenment. These are but cherries on the material cake. The cake always has to come first.

The Chinese has many superstitious beliefs. But they are embraced with humour and good fun. Chinese geomancy (feng shui), numerology and astrology are part and parcel of our everyday lives, determining things like the orientation of homes, the opening date of business and the suitability of life partners. 

Fortunately, or unfortunately my own family never had the practice of gambling as part of CNY celebration. I say unfortunately because I've always envied how my Chinese friends have such fun gambling with cards and mahjong all through the night until dawn, as part of their CNY ritual. 

The material world is one which requires a unique set of skills to navigate. These skills are not unlike those that a good gambler possesses--the ability to assess risk, balancing risks versus rewards, of keeping one's emotions in check and having the ability to assess trends. The material ocean is full of turbulent waves and fierce winds, but with the necessary skill, one could learn to maintain a steady ship, harnessing the forces of the elements to reach one's destination.

I've written a lot about spirituality in my blog but I must stress that its pursuit is not at the expense of the material world. There's much that we can learn from the Chinese embrace of materialism. CNY is a good time to remind ourselves of that.

Worldly comforts only come when one is comfortable with the world. And being comfortable with the world means that one is able to pursue and even enjoy its many pleasures and yet at the same time remain unattached to them.  That is the key mastery one must acquire in this material world.

Expressions of Nature

It's 4pm in the evening now. The weather has been rainy since yesterday night, which prevented me from going out for my usual morning walk in the park. I'm now sipping coffee in my study, looking out of a window with a view of treetops and grey skies. 

It's that time of the year, those weeks after New Year's day leading to the Chinese Lunar New Year, when the entire city is flooded with auspicious but gaudy red decorations--characters and symbols of luck, growth and prosperity so valued by the Chinese. 

CNY comes early this year, in January itself. As always I have to get adjusted to the jarring transition from the peaceful warmth of Christmas to the boisterousness of the Lunar festive season.  There are still 2 weeks to go before CNY eve but all the preparations towards  this big day are already in full swing. People are looking forward to another weeklong holiday. Unlike last year when I did not take leave at all, this year I'll also be taking a much welcome break.

In Southern California, forest fires have razed many homes in the residential areas around Los Angeles. So many people have lost their homes, completely. The pain of such a loss must be devastating. 

While we prepare and welcome the coming Year of the Snake, with hopes of good fortune and material prosperity, we must also spare some thoughts for the less fortunate who are suffering elsewhere and remind ourselves that whatever we have, can be yanked away from us in the blink of an eye.

If I look at all the things in my apartment: my wall-to-wall shelves of books, my electronic gadgets, expensive pens and furnitures, I often ask myself: would I be able to handle their loss? I know that the magnitude of pain that I would feel is directly proportional to my attachment to them. I take it as a kind of spiritual practice to meditate upon this fact. Things are just forms that exist momentarily to teach us about impermanence and the futility of clinging to them for happiness.

We should be appreciative of all the material comforts that we have and be thankful for being blessed with them. But they are not an essential part of us. They are like space debris attracted to the gravitational field of our ego. As long as we have an ego, we'll continue to accumulate material possessions. We must learn to mentally 'lose' them in our minds regularly, so that their hold on us are kept in check.

We should not feel guilty either in enjoying the fruits of our worldly achievements. If you play soccer, every goal you score should be celebrated with delight and aplomb but at the same time we know that it's just a game. Within the world of the game, winning matters. We must be able to zoom in as a player fighting to win the game and also with equal ease, zoom out to see in the whole thing a neutral spectator, enjoying a thrilling soccer match.

Nature will constantly remind us that we do not own anything in the world. Floods, fires, tsunamis and earthquakes will destroy our every attempt to build permanent monuments. Whenever that happens, we must realise that we are also a part of nature and we must flow along with it. We as humans must continue building edifices that withstand its relentless assault but at the same time, accept their inevitable destruction. Creation and destruction are simply expressions of nature.

Life as Leitmotif

I'm opening my blogging activities for 2025 with this first article, which I'm writing from home, in between short bursts of work on a quiet Friday afternoon. Work, as always is my sadhana, or my spiritual practice. All material rewards that I get from performing my job is an important motivator but the real reward comes from the insights and inner transformation that I experience on a daily basis.

That's what I will be looking forward to for 2025. I don't have any New Year resolutions as usual as I believe life is a process of continuous resolution.  Every speech and action that you perform reveals shortcomings that can be improved upon. I try to live life mindfully, which means that one is constantly aware of one's intentions, if not at the moment of expression, at least in retrospect.  

Whenever one catches oneself falling short, one should immediately recognise the conditions that cause its manifestation and then seek to make the necessary corrections. It's a balancing act, not unlike that of a high-wire circus performer. The high-wire artist is constantly falling, but she is adjusting her body in tandem to remain balanced. This is what I mean by continuous resolution.

Time passes and we lament how fleeting it is. Take this instance for example. Why are you reading this? Why are you taking aware a slice of your lifetime to indulge in this seemingly pointless curiosity to peek into another person's thoughts? Isn't it a waste of time?

No. Time is never wasted if it is experienced mindfully. If you've understood what I've written so far, something would have clicked in your mind and some inner transformation would have occurred, as it has in mine, while typing these words. 

Words bubble up from the depths of my mind, and these words impinge on yours, creating ripples in your consciousness, firing neurons, forging new connections and reinforcing existing ones. Every act of communication is also an act of creation.

Am I a better person this moment compared to the previous one? Perhaps. As long as there's a desire to transform for the better, I think I'm on the right track.  Like a tree, I'm constantly reaching for sunlight and sinking my roots deep into the soil for nutrients. I am planted in a matrix of interactions with the world, of which I could draw intellectual nourishments from.

Like a tree, my only purpose for existence is to grow, even as I shed leaves and branches in the process. A human lifetime is finite. It is simply an expression of the cosmic impulse. When you are in tune with it, you partake in the grand symphony of the universe, of which every tree, every river, every storm, and every living being is but a leitmotif.  

Intelligence, Artificial and Augmented

This could be my last blog article for 2024. So I'm going to sit back and reread some of the articles that I've written and see what has been the main themes the year. Actually, I went a step further: I fed all the articles I've written in 2024 into an AI model, and allowed it to analyse and distill my entire year's output. What it concluded was pretty interesting. It even generated a podcast with a male and female host discussing insightfully about my articles!

The podcast I think successfully captured the essence of what I've wanted to achieve with my blog articles. It is pretty amazing. With the advent of AI, we are all undergoing another paradigm shift. This will be more massive than the dot-com boom which I had experienced in the late nineties. AI will definitely transform every sphere of our lives. But how will AI help us evolve as human beings? 

The advance is happening frightening pace because AI itself is a tool that helps us build better AI. It generates a positive feedback loop that is driving its own exponential growth. The human mind and human society in general will not be able to respond fast enough to the ethical implications of this new technology. 

To a certain extent, we went through this with the rise of the internet. Internet dramatically improved our lives with the convenience of instant messaging, video streaming, online shopping and learning. The entire knowledge of the world is immediately available to us with a few taps of our fingers.  But so are all the ugliness and bigotries of humanity--cyberbullying, online scams, child porn and religious radicalism and the spread of terrorist ideologies.

Computer malware and viruses are all by-products of the internet age. We can never get rid of them now because they are constantly evolving and becoming better. The Pandora's box has been opened.  The same thing will happen with AI technology, under the hands of bad actors. AI will help malware to get around ever-tightening cyber-security by opening up new attack vectors in the form of self-learning malware or simply human impersonators. There'll come a point where we'll never know whether a video or audio is real or fake. We'll have to rely on technology itself to authenticate the truthfulness of any content we see. There will be a constant war between good AI and bad AI.

Every technological change amplifies the good and bad side of humans. With AI, the amplification will be many orders of magnitude. If technology only mirrors our imperfections, perhaps we can also use it as an instrument to probe and analyse ourselves. The technology as it is now, allows me to interrogate myself, ask questions about my personal philosophy through my writings. This is in line with how I want to use AI: to open up intellectual dimensions hitherto unknown or inaccessible to me. Not only will it be my own psychoanalyst, it will also play the roles of a critic and assistant to help me improve my writing and come up with new ideas.

Perhaps the quest towards human enlightenment could also be hastened with AI. I understand that raw intelligence itself is not exactly wisdom,  but it is certainly a pre-requisite. Will AGI (artificial general intelligence) mature into AGW (artificial general wisdom)? Will AI amplify our baser instincts or elevate our nobler side? Only time will tell. Human intelligence is not powerful enough to make such complex projections. 

We can only hope that AI will augment our humble intelligence, and help us make wiser decisions.  It's going to be a brave new world of AI, and we shall all look forward to the future with hope and cautious optimism. 

The Spirituality of Money

Finally, I found a bit time for myself to read, write and blog on this errand-filled Saturday. I have chosen a place which serves alcohol and here I am typing out these lines while taking sips from my cool pint of draught beer. 

It hasn't rained today--yet--and I'm here savouring the good vibes of a pre-Christmas weekend. As I've mentioned elsewhere before, this is the best time of year. It's like you've finally arrived at your destination after a long flight and the plane is taxiing gently down the runway.  It's the happiness of arrival, of coming home or escaping from it.

All spiritual teachers will tell you that bliss is your natural state. Happiness is finding that inner peace within. It is of course, easier said than done. We spend our entire lives chasing external happiness or attempting to show others we are 'happy'. 

We think that happiness comes from acquiring more things and being recognised for our worldly achievements.  I don't disagree. One needs to go all out and fight the good fight, for only in doing so would one be able to understand the kind of satisfaction that worldly success brings...and the pain of losing it.

Once you've acquired material success, you will realise that it is not easy to let go of it. You are forever 'handicapped' by your need for luxury and comfort.  Acquiring riches is only half the story; the other half is keeping it. In the movie Wall Street, the character played by Daryl Hannah, the trophy girlfriend of the protagonist, Bud Fox, played by Charlie Sheen, said: "When you've had money and lost it, it can be much worse than never having had it at all".

Money is not evil. It is actually a great teacher, even a spiritual one. To acquire money, you usually have to go through a lot of hardwork and pain. But once you've had it, you'll realise that what you thought was sufficient, actually falls short.  There's always someone who earns more than you. So you want more, for being just rich among the super-rich is equally or even more painful than being poor among the rich.

If your wants are only ever to increase--a fancier car, a bigger house--then you'll never ever come to a point where you'll consider yourself rich enough. One can become rich easier by pursuing it from both ends. How? Continue making more money and at the same time reduce your wants.

If you have a car now, can you learn to live without one? By reducing your material needs, you grow spiritually. You have less attachment to things and are not affected by their absence. This is enormously liberating. It's like sprinting towards the finishing line to find that it is also advancing towards you!

Turn your pursuit of material success into a spiritual one by using it as a tool for understanding the pain of attachment. Be grateful for the blessings of wealth, if it happens to come your way. But most important of all, take it as a means to an end. By going all out to pursue riches, you are facing all your spiritual obstacles head-on. The path to enlightenment could be paved with money.  But do watch out for the many potholes! 

 

The End of Ecstasy

Today, I'm at McDonalds, which happens to be the most convenient place for me to hang around while waiting to pick up mom later from the hairdresser. I thought it would be fun to order a McD meal and use the opportunity to blog. I haven't eaten a McD meal for a while and relish in the chance to indulge a bit in the guilty pleasure of fast-food.

I rarely complain about food because I think all food tastes good when you are hungry.  Food and wine are simply accompaniment to good company and conversation. And when I'm eating alone, I'll either be reading or writing; food becomes fuel for thought.

Is food the topic of today's blog? Why not? We Malaysians make a big fuss about it, always claiming we have the best food in the world. I do enjoy local food but my preference is biased because my tastebuds have been shaped by what I've been accustomed to since childhood. 

I've learned that most food would taste good if you approach it without any preconceptions. I would bet you'll enjoy anything that you can stuff into your mouth if you have been starving the day and you have not tasted a properly cooked meal for some time. That's how I would judge food--to always approach it  with a hungry stomach, real or imagined. That way, they usually taste good.

Personally, I have a preference for simple food, which could be eaten while you are reading or writing. I agree, that's certainly not mindful eating, where one is supposed to focus completely on what one is chewing, tasting and savouring. Eating can be a good meditation exercise. But I reserve that state of mind for other things. Eating, as I'm doing now, simply provides the contemplative interludes in between sentences and paragraphs.

I know that for most of us, eating is one of the great pleasures of life. But I'm often amused by how unashamed we are about our fondness for it. Malaysians, especially. All we talk about is food, boastful and proud even about our cravings for it. Don't get me wrong, I have nothing against a hedonistic indulgence in culinary delights, just that I sometimes wonder, if one were to express a similar enthusiasm towards sex, would that be equally acceptable? I always find that exaggerated expression of delight on the faces chefs on TV whenever they sample food, amusing.

We live for the pleasures of life: food, sex, love and adventure. If you find that all these things are ultimately empty, then you have a problem...or a calling. You have to plunge yourself deeply into the realms of pleasure to be able to know that. 

If at the end of every ecstasy, there's only emptiness, we know something for sure: that's why you are still reading this blog.

Existential Questions on a Lazy Saturday Afternoon

It's the Christmas shopping season now and there's a good vibe in the air.  I've always enjoyed this time of the year. It's a good time to relax a little and look back on the year that had passed. It's also a good time to catch up with old friends again.

Recently I've been spending a lot of time in the morning taking long walks in the park. One of the regulars there whom I chat occasionally with asked me (after finding out that I'm still single), if I would be concerned about not having any descendants. I find that question very interesting, because the first thing that popped into my mind was: "why should it be?" 

Don't I want to get married and have children to carry on my family name? That seems to be a very reasonable thing to do as a biological creature with a driving urge to procreate. Our genes, are selfish and want to preserve themselves, at our expense. We die, but our genes continue on. That is the whole game of evolution. 

But I did not choose the genes that I currently carry in my body. Where was I before I was born? If it didn't bother me then, why should it bother me when I'm gone? And who and where is this 'I', before and after I'm gone?

Let's say, there's an immortal soul that lives in heaven after one has done one's time on Earth. Does this soul sit in front of a cosmic TV and watch if his descendants are doing justice to his name? Why do we care about our legacy after death? And what makes us think that our post-death souls would be interested in such things?

Is the soul simply our software code and memory state transferred to run on a different substrate after death? What makes souls think that each and every one of them are unique and worth preserving? What defines your uniqueness? Is it your personality--your likes and dislikes, values and attitude towards life and other people, including your many faults and foibles? Is each one of us a unique node in the universe?

If it is, and the project of this cosmic life is simply self-preservation, is procreation a part of the soul's purpose and project? But what about its spiritual goal to reunite with God? The Multiplicity finally merging back into Unity? What happens to your uniqueness then, when you are finally one with God? Will you still be you with your ego and bad attitude, smirking and basking in the final glory of your success?

Those are all very interesting questions and each one of us, I think, tries our best to grapple with the mystery of our existence. Our instinct prompts us to self-preserve and procreate. But if this is the only purpose of our existence, what is considered a 'successful' existence?  Is a man who fathers many children to carry on his genes, a 'successful' individual? 

Surrounded by all these questions, we try to define a purpose for our existence. Some try to make a mark in the world by accumulating as much wealth as possible and perhaps in the process help as many people as possible too, while others dedicate their lives to piety, to find God. They are all noble goals. No one can fault you, if you choose one or any combination of them. Who has the authority to judge you, when everyone is in the same existential boat?

Go, be the human animal that you are. Be fruitful and multiply! And. be the spiritual being, which you think your true self is, existing even after death. Accumulate as much merits as you can, so that you qualify for whatever rewards that the Supreme Being has in store for you, as He (or perhaps his prophets?) has defined it. 

Do whatever you think is right. I think we'll all be alright. We'll all die for sure. And who knows, maybe we'll get a chance to revisit this subject again and compare notes? I'll live for that!

Pain, Par for the Course

I have some time alone today and I am happy to have an hour or two of quiet reflection. There's only another month left to the year. Even though it is raining everyday, this is the best time of the year for me. And I plan to enjoy every moment of it.

How do I enjoy life? What is enjoyment for me? A day that passes peacefully with nothing extraordinary happening is already a great joy for me. My bar for happiness is set very very low, which is why I'm rarely unhappy.

There were moments in my life over the past decade when I did have to face some difficult times but I took them all in my stride and I was grateful that I learned something valuable from those experiences. To be able to sleep well every night is a great blessing and to wake up every morning alive and kicking is already something worth celebrating. Now you see how low my happiness bar is set.

Can money buy happiness? Yes, but it also buys you an equivalent amount of pain. If you want the kind of happiness that money buys, then be strong and wise enough to tackle the pain that comes with it. When you have the capability to accept pain, pain is just pain. You take it on the chin and it ends there. If pain is suffered consciously, in the very moment itselfr, there's no hidden costs or compounding interest to be paid in the form of chronic mental stress.  

Some people see work as stress and recoil from it. But remember, that's also why you get paid for doing the job. Your job exists because there are problems that need to be solved for the business to function. If you want the happiness that a fat salary buys, be happy too to take the stress that comes along with it. 

With experience and wisdom, you will develop the strength to handle different challenges in an optimal fashion. You'll understand why certain things are painful and then you'll learn how not to take the blows, without injuring yourself.

I've written in another blog article how as long as we are in tune with the carrier wave of life, we will never be carried away by peak ecstatic experiences nor be devastated by any misfortune in life. The oscillations of life should not break the fabric of your existence. You are existence-consciousness-bliss -- that's the triple attribute of your true nature, the ultimate state of perfection, untainted by ego and illusion.

All that wanting, desiring and posturing that you exhibit in your mortal life, one day, you'll see how insignificant and petty they are. But at the moment, they don't appear so to you. Your career and your standing in society seem like non-negotiable pre-conditions for happiness. So embrace them with wisdom and maturity. There will be pain. But it's alright. For pain is par for the course.

The Quest for Quietude

A blinking cursor on a blank screen. This is how I began this blog post. 

I posted an article yesterday and as promised, I'm blogging again today to make up for an earlier week which I did not. I've learned to enjoy the freshness and challenge of a blank page.  It's an empty canvas that beckons a God-like moment: Let there be light.

There's a lot of information embedded in this blog of mine which I started more than 20 years ago. Now with the use of AI in the form of large language models (LLM), I could easily interrogate myself and distill the essence of my thinking and belief system.

Writing is revelatory because it comes from the depths of one's soul. I try to make the act of writing as simple as possible--friction free, so that thoughts manifest themselves, easily and un-selfconsciously onto these blank pages. 

Actually, when it comes to blogging, there are no pages--just an infinite scroll of whiteness on the screen. I could sit down, type and pour out my thoughts, and it would swallow it up without judgement.

Every word etched here is a moment in my life lived. Every choice of word came from the mysterious within. They arose spontaneously like hot lava spewed out from the turbulent core. How much of me has been captured here? 

In a way, there's not much, because I don't write a lot about the factual events of my life. You probably can't even figure out where I work and what I do for a living, nor where I live.  

My life appears to be outwardly dull these days, unlike decades ago when I used to travel a lot. But I do love the peace of mind that comes from a simple life. I truly appreciate the dullness of a drab existence. 

Let others seek peak experiences and exhilarating moments of ecstasy. These youthful pursuits are no longer my cup of tea. I revel instead in the contentment that comes with calmness. 

A sip of Earl Grey, a glimpse of greenness outside my window through the drizzle of November rain, I live each moment as they happen; How I welcome every conscious sight, and marvel at the occasion of a subconscious insight.  

That's all that one could aspire for. My quest now is that of quietude. And hopefully through these wispy words of mine captured here in this blog, scattered in the vastness of internet,  a glimpse of that magnificent beauty and happiness that I experience is being captured. 

Waves in the Ocean of Oblivion

I still have not made up for my lost week of blogging, hence I'm trying again to post two articles this weekend, since I did not manage to do so last week. It's still Friday evening and the weekend has just begun. Isn't this the best time of the week?

Last weekend was also a busy one for me, as I had to take care of a lot of family matters. Gone are the days when I could go out and not return home; sleep in the office or in my car or just hop on a train ride to nowhere. Circumstances change in life, but one thing has remained constant throughout: I've not lost my enthusiasm for knowledge and spiritual insights. All the articles in my blog over the last 20 years have borne out that fact.

I live for insights. An insight is a moment of clear-seeing--discerning a pattern from a mass of information. It's seeing the hidden connection between things, oftentimes confirming a hunch I've always had. Writing this blog is part of this quest for insights. A lot of them emerged during the act of writing, which I consider a sacred act.

To write is to commune with the gods. All inspiration is divine in origin, for it comes from that Collective Unconscious which artists and philosophers tap into. The prophets of old get their revelations from god because they have cultivated minds that are capable of peeking into this source of insight.

We create God and gods because that is the most natural thing for the human mind to do. Archetypes are mental attractors or reccurent patterns that inevitably form when human minds are allowed to self-express. All works of art are abstract representations, glimpses of this unconscious wellspring of wisdom.

The more we dwell upon the nature of things, the more we realise that the reality that we see around is quite 'unreal'. Unreal in a sense that we can never know what's out there, because what we experience is only a small slice of it, interpreted through our senses. And there is really no Self inside that looks at the Cartesian theatre screen, deciding whether to switch channels. There's only the experiencing and no experiencer. The enduring soul or spirit that you feel animating your body, heart and mind is nothing but an emergent pattern, which persists momentarily.

If we use the language of Advaita Vedanta, we can say that ultimate reality is Brahman and the mind and the world are but manifestations of it. When the ocean is perturbed, waves result and each wave-mind thinks of itself as a permanent existence, propagating across space, swelling on occasion into tsunamis,  as mortal souls like us do across time, aspiring to grandiose dreams. 

Waves go about with their petty concerns oblivious of the ocean of which they are a part of. Each wave thinks that it is unique and worth preserving. And when they do subside, they imagine themselves resurfacing elsewhere in some wave heaven, in full glory, retaining the perfection of their remembered forms.

Knowledge, Lost and Found

 I didn't post anything last weekend because I was completely tied up with the mundane but essential chores of life, which left me no time to catch my breath and reflect. I'm trying to make up for it by attempting to post 2 articles this weekend.

Here I am, having a head-start now on a Friday afternoon. I have at least an hour's time before I start preparing to head downtown for a social gathering. The weather these days is very unpredictable, I'll try to take the train, if possible. That will give me some time to enjoy some audio content on my phone.

I do have a backlog of podcasts, lectures and audiobooks to consume. My regular morning walks recently have given me an opportunity to catch up a bit on them. It's something I look forward to everyday.

Whenever I get to dine alone outside, I'll always bring a book with me. The other day, I was eating at the mamak restaurant nearby and was engrossed in a hardcover book by Bernard Lewis about the history of the Middle-East. When it was time for me to leave, I left it on the empty chair beside me. I only realised it the next morning when I wanted to resume my reading.

It was interesting analysing the emotions that arose in me when the thought of losing the book sank in. The first thought was:  I'm not able to finish reading the book. But then I realised that it could easily be remedied as I can buy another copy from the internet.

Then it also sank in on me that I do have a bit of sentimental attachment to the book as an object. It's a beautiful hardcover book, which I had wrapped with plastic and it has stayed unread in my library for over 18 years! I had the date inscribed on the cover page, with my name on it. 

I did not read it earlier because I had found the author's prose difficult. But I've read many books by the famed historian Bernard Lewis since then, and had thoroughly enjoyed every one of them. So when I reopened this tome again not too long ago, I was sucked into it again. I was about a third through its 450 pages, when I lost it. 

Losing a sentimental object is painful. But as someone who actively practise non-attachment to material things, I understood the momentary pain of the loss and resolved to let it go. I also comforted myself with the thought that, if the book did end up in the hands of someone, it would likely be one who appreciates books, or at least has some curiosity about the history of the Middle East. I'll be doing some good by setting this book free in the universe.

Reading and rereading my old books, and seeing their contents in a new light is one of the greatest pleasures of life. I delight in the fact that I've matured and progressed in my comprehension of topics that were previously beyond my grasp. This Lewis book, is one of those reads.

I decided to try my luck to see if I could still recover it from the mamak place, which is a regular hangout of mine.  During lunchtime the next day, I drove to the place again, and enquired with the cashier about my 'buku' which I had left on table 13.  He was initially surprised but then asked me about the colour of the book. White, of course. And lo and behold, he produced the glorious tome from the shelf behind him! Even my pencil, tucked in an elastic band around the cover is intact!

I was elated to be reunited with my book again, grasping it again in my hand with sheer gratitude. The tactile feel of a hardcover book is one of those indescribable pleasures that bibliophiles like me enjoy. Which is why I'm still hesitant to move to ebooks.

This brief lost-and-found episode has made me reflect on my attachment to things. And I know the pangs of pain that I had felt from the loss was directly proportional to that sense of possession that I have over this book, an object that is impermanent and slowly disintegrating over time. A relationship with a book, is not unlike that with a human being. And I remember many happy years ago, I had written a blog post about how people are like 'interactive books'.  There's so much that one could learn from these relationships, human or otherwise.

Pitfalls of the Path

Today I'm in my study and personal library, slowly nursing my pot of Earl Grey.  It's a moment respite, from the drudgery of my daily and weekly chores. I write to relax, and reflect. Hopefully, some gem of insight would emerge...

 Strangely for the last 2 weeks I find myself writing about God. For someone who professes no religion, it seems rather strange, doesn't it? Have I finally found my true spirituality in the worship of god? Certainly not. And no, it's not because I think it is a path not worth pursuing. It's definitely a legitimate and effective path, practised by millions in the world, epitomised in the Bhagavad Gita as Bhakti Yoga, also known as the path of devotion.

It appears to be an 'easy' path, because it latches on to our natural human tendency to obey an alpha leader. It makes god a conscious being, like us, only more powerful. We can easily imagine such a god, by projecting all the virtuous quality we can find in humans into the superlative realm. The God model is one that anyone can understand. We do not need a lot of deep philosophical knowledge to be able to grasp it. To worship, is an activity as natural to us as eating or sleeping. 

To the more intellectually sophisticated, worshiping a supernatural deity or deities seems like a rather primitive practice--something that borders on superstition. How wrong they are! All forms of devotional worship, if practised correctly are no less effective than any spiritual practise that requires superhuman feats of concentration, self-mortification or a lifetime of scriptural study.

Even though I've been referring to the deity in singular most of the time, my views about devotional practices extends to polytheistic worship too. I know that many monotheist believers tend to think themselves as spirituality superior to those who worship many gods, but I do not see anything wrong with it. The worship of idols and images is simply a natural expression of spiritual devotion, provided that it is practised in the right spirit--as aids and not as ends in themselves.

You see, there's a simple principle in operation in all theistic worship: by simply shifting one's sense of importance from oneself to someOne else--we immediately have a grasping point for tackling the ego. What better way to deflate it than to subjugate it before a more powerful one? A master-slave architecture is employed here, and it is one that is simple and intuitive.

Acknowledge that there's a more powerful being out there--our Creator--who determines everything. The secret of the devotional path is to surrender one's will to a higher one. Submitting to God's will is the ultimate act of self-sacrifice. And when done correctly, one is filled with love for the divine. One's ego has no place in the system, because every manifestation of will or desire within one's being is subsumed and aligned with that of the Lord.  

How brilliant is that! The ego is simply put in check by our human biological instinct to submit to an alpha figure. Instead of having to tackle a hardened rock of an ego using the chisel and hammer of meditation, we simply disarm it with a manoeuvre akin to spiritual judo. Everything is the will of God. You simply surrender and worship Him.

What are the pitfalls of this path? Unfortunately, its simplicity is both its strength and its weakness. God worshipers think that because they obediently perform the prescribed rules and rituals of worship, they are immediately protected by some sort of personal mafia. Instead of diminishing the ego, they further inflate it by using God as their symbol of pride and treat it as another cause to fight for.  They think they are superior to others who do not worship the way they do. They succumb to superstition and bicker over the minutiae of religious dogma. 

The path of spirituality is certainly filled with pitfalls. One can easily get sidetracked or be blinded by falsehood. A love of God can easily be inflamed into religious zealotry; spiritual epiphany into intellectual arrogance; the submission to God becomes an excuse for the subjugation of unbelievers. It is a simple and beautiful path to reach heaven, but one wrong turn can also lead to hell.

The Art of Abstraction

Last week I wrote about God as a useful model which anyone can adopt to function in the world as a living individual. By accepting God as part of your ontology, it dictates and necessitates a set of design patterns, rules and conventions which make it possible for a society of believers to function harmoniously. 

It's very much like adopting say the object-oriented paradigm as your programming model. You see, whenever we discuss any subject, we are using words to abstract the reality we perceive. Every word is a model, an approximation of a real-world object, state or event. Computer programmers are familiar with the different layers of abstractions we use to describe the state and dynamics of each level. 

For example, we can have a very high level description of the activity of clicking a link as the browser submitting a 'request' over the network as a client to a server, and expecting a 'response', which contains the HTML code describing the page to be displayed. The browser simply renders this HTML code as a pattern of pixels on the screen. But if you care to look at the signals that go on the wire--voltage pulses and electromagnetic waves, there are only patterns of energy flowing over different mediums. 

There is no such thing as a 'request' or 'response'; nor are there packets or frames--these are abstractions, which allow us to describe phenomena at different levels in the communication architecture easier. The mind cannot perceive individual electrons, but it can understand that, at the highest level, there's something that's "requested by the client and responded to by the server" And if we want to dive deeper, we can analyse the request, which is defined by the HTTP protocol consisting of text headers and a body of content. There you see, headers and body are again abstractions. 

God as an abstraction or model works for us individuals, because we can worship, request and love Him, because, in--Java programming parlance--it implements an interface with methods that we humans are familiar with. The personal God is a good abstraction of the entire universe. We don't have to perceive the world at the level of subatomic particles to be able to interact with it.  

In Advaita Vedanta and Yoga, Ishvara is the personal God, which is an 'abstraction' of Brahman, the ultimate reality. It's difficult to conceptualise Brahman, because it is by definition, non-dual and has no attributes. But once you have an abstraction called Ishvara as God, you can give it attributes that you can relate to, with the help of superlatives--such as the all-powerful, the merciful and compassionate. You can assign it roles such as creator, sustainer and protector.   

Ishvara, is simply Brahman enmeshed in 'maya' or illusion. All abstractions are illusions of the conceptual mind, in a sense that they do not have a real existence. It only exists within a certain conceptual framework and that's good enough for it to work.

Similarly, the concept of a 'soul' is also an abstraction. Atman, the individual soul or self is Brahman in essence but it is the client-side portion, of the client-server interaction, between the individual and God. It also owes its existence through the illusion of maya. 

Do souls exist? Yes and no, depending on which level of abstraction you are talking about. You can have oneness or duality, unity or multiplicity, Nirguna Brahman--the ultimate reality without attributes, or the Saguna Brahman, with its rich array of qualities attributed to Isvara and Atman.  Each has its own language to describe its ontology.

We live and operate in a world of abstractions. A lot of philosophical confusion about religion arise due to the lack of clarity about the level of abstraction which we are referencing. Basically we commit category errors all the time by insisting on the truth of one level of abstraction to another. 

It's simply the consequence of living in the world of maya. The moment we try to articulate concepts using language, we are creating illusions--abstractions that are useful only within a particular context. To gain spiritual insight is to master the art of navigating all these different levels of abstractions. 

The God Model

Feeling rather thirsty after my early morning exercise, I decided to go to a place where I could have a cool beer while I dive into my weekly blogging routine. And so here I am now, seated comfortably outdoors with a pint of Tiger, tapping out these words, figuring out the topic for today's blog.

Part of my reason for blogging is to allow myself to figure out my personal philosophy of life. Being someone with "no religion",  I'm simply devising my own system of values to live by. What are the fundamental beliefs in this personal philosophy of mine?

Fundamental belief number one is that there are no fundamental beliefs. Everything can be challenged. Religious people would say that one must have faith in something, say God, to be a moral person. If one does not believe in a higher authority, a creator whom we have to answer to in our afterlife, wouldn't one end up as a morally degenerate person leading a purposeless life?

I have no problems with the belief in God. If that model works for you, by all means, go ahead and live by the precepts set forth by the religion of your birth or adoption. If it gives you meaning, purpose and joy, all the better. 

I personally learned a lot from all the theistic religions of the world and do enjoy the wisdom of their scriptures and the beauty of their rituals and liturgies. But to ask me to swear allegiance solely to one particular faith is like asking me to declare that Jazz (or any other genre of music) is the one and only true music. No, my life will be a lot less meaningful if I listen only to Jazz and consider Baroque music, keroncong or rap music 'heresies'.  I will continue to listen to all types of music and appreciate the pleasure and insight that comes from them.

Now, if I don't strictly follow the tenets of any religion, how would I know what's good or bad? With no fear of God, wouldn't I degenerate into an evil person? 

Does anyone seriously believe that would happen? Think about it. It takes a lot of skill and hardwork if one were to cheat, rob and kill for a living life. The bulk of humanity has to live together with their fellow humans. A small group of misguided individuals might resort to unethical means to get certain advantages in life, but at what cost? 

If you are a selfish person with no integrity, do you think you would be able to secure a good job for long? You simply ostracise yourself from the society of people. You wouldn't have any friends. Your own family members will despise you. And in extreme cases, you could even run foul of the law.

It is practical to be moral and ethical. You don't need any holy book to tell you that. What holy books do is something more than morality. It attempts to answer deeper philosophical questions about your existence and its purpose. That's the real appeal of religion. If religion exists simply because of a need for a code of ethics, then it is superfluous. 

God created you and the universe. And there are some expectations on how you should act and believe so that you are saved, avoid pain, transcend death and find eternal joy. 

Wouldn't I lose out on that, if I don't belong to a creed that promises those things? Perhaps. It doesn't bother me because I think it is a bit insulting to God (if He exists) to consider him a kind of paternalistic figure who loves his children, gives them free will to choose and then proceeds to punish them by banishing them to the fires of hell if they disobey Him. 

Well, I certainly wouldn't punish you if I were God, because I would understand why you went astray, given your life experiences. Some of your flaws were even genetic, which is God's own handiwork. Why blame the product, when there are factory defects?

In electrical circuit theory where a physical network is modelled using idealised discrete components such as voltage sources, resistors, inductors and capacitors, we understand that these ideal components don't exist in real life but it is a close enough mathematical model that will help us calculate and predict the behaviour of a circuit. Without these 'gods', the human mind will not be able to accomplish all the electrical engineering feats that we all see today.

The mind needs such conceptual models to navigate the real world. There are materials in the world that produce resistance, converting electrical energy to heat but they are not perfectly discrete lumps that are localised in an ideal conductor. In some circumstances, we would need to use calculus and Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism to really model the behaviour of networks more accurately but for most practical purposes, we don't. These idealised discrete components are good enough. The God model is good enough too, for most people.

We are life forms perceiving our environment through our finite array of senses and have brains that tend to process information in a very specific way. So we devise models to explain and navigate the world around us. These models of the world arose naturally, almost inevitably.

We like myths and stories, because for some reason, the circuitry of the human brain has a facility for narrative arcs, something with a beginning, middle and end. There must be tension and release; agony and ecstasy; damnation and salvation. Thus we resonate with the eschatology of religion.

We have certain expectations on how the universe should be, because we live in an every day world that has creators, objects and purposes. Our vocabulary is limited to that. So God and gods are true in this very specific view of the universe.

Does God exist? Do resistors exist? Yes, of course. Can we come up with better models? Most certainly. But understand that the human mind can only comprehend things using models, described using a human language that grew out of every day experiences. 

One must be aware of the limitations of every conceptual model. Insisting that your model is the only true one can only be a recipe for disaster. The God model, like any other model has its flaws. But it is an inevitable model which fills a specific psychological need in humans. One thing's for sure: it will be endlessly modified, recast and reframed to meet the changing needs of the times.  

Value with a Vengeance

Is it possible for any one of us to exist as an individual without association to any community, society, tribe or organisation? The moment you are born, you are already a part of an organisation--your family. You don't get to choose that. You are a passive recipient of their love, care, advice and admonitions. The overriding concern is your survival and your role as the progeny of the family line.

You are taught to speak and you learn to express your needs, your likes and dislikes through the medium of language--which you now know as your mother tongue. The words, phrases, idioms, sayings and proverbs that come with that language become a part of you, shaping your thinking and your view of the world.

So, no one is ever born free. You are born with very specific initial conditions, or what I often refer to as boundary conditions, that limit and constraint the way to think and interact with the world. It's like the instruction set of a processor. Your primordial personality is cast in the assembly language of your mother tongue.

As you grow older, you learn more things--specific subjects and life skills that are independent of the language of instruction. But how well you master those skills depends to a large degree on your genetic makeup--in other words, your hardware--and the primitives of your operating system. The skills are like the applications you have on your computer. They are 'installed' through a process called 'education'.

When you go out and work in a company for instance, which is set up with a specific purpose, you become a node in a larger organisation, applying your higher level skills and knowledge to serve a particular role and function demanded by the organisation. The company attempts to impose its values on you too, through its corporate culture.

You also realise that there's an even larger organisation that you belong to--your country of which you are a citizen. It too has its own aspirations, values and culture, imposed upon you through the law and constitution and the public education that it provides you. As a good citizen, you are supposed to express a love and affinity towards these values and be 'patriotic'.

Emotionally however, the temperament and the values that you honour were forged during your upbringing by that default organisation that you were born into. That, is the culture of your family and your tribe, which to a large extent, shapes your personality. Even though genetics do play a big hand in determining who you are, it's the culture that determines which genetic traits get expressed or suppressed.

Your choice or music, religion, food and movies that you watch, and perhaps the political party that you vote for, are determined by these more primitive layers of your psyche. but are the values of your lower layers in congruence with the higher layer ones? 

A lot of the problems of humanity are caused by these differences in value. What you think is self-evident truth to you and your tribe might not be so to another. Are we able to appreciate these differences as 'diversity' which makes an ecosystem thrive and agree to celebrate them? Or are we bent on out-arguing the other party so that you can convince them that your values are greater than theirs?

Some values, especially religious ones, are deal-breakers. There's no compromise, because these values are already embedded in the psyche of the people.  When we can't convert the other party to ours, we resort to doing so by force. That's how humanity has been spending their time throughout history.

Whenever we find ourselves pursuing our cherished values with a vengeance,  let's ask ourselves, how did these values arise in first place? Can we co-create better ones? That is definitely a spirit that I would value.

A Potential Difference

Welcome to this moment. Yes, this moment. Every moment is here, now and eternal. When I connect with this moment, I am awake. Conscious. 

I have an hour to write something today. Let's analyse the previous sentence. It was a thought: I was trying to project into the future when I would have already written my blog entry today. That's the nature of a thought. It's always about the future or the past. When I think of something, I set up a tension in the mind: there's an idea of how things should be and how it is now. This gap is a 'potential difference'--almost like a voltage (V) between two points in a electrical circuit which enables current (I) to flow.

Whenever there is a potential difference, there's energy to do work. Action happens in the world, transforming its state, which then sets up a new potential difference.  Emotionally, this potential difference is often felt as a kind of 'stress'. We could waste all this potential energy in stressing about what we are supposed to do--in my case, what to write.

Stress is like the resistance in a piece of conductor wire. In an ideal conductor, resistance, (R) is zero. But in the real world, every conductor has some finite amount of resistance, which causes energy to be lost as heat (I-squared R) .Stress is like heat--wasted energy. We should try to minimise stress, every time we feel a potential difference in the mind. 

In my case, my task is simply to make use of this potential difference to produce words and sentences as smoothly and efficiently as possible, without worry or hesitancy. Every outpouring from my mind, driven by this potential difference, if I'm focussed and conscious, should be sincere and true.

I have to trust the mind to reveal the truth of things, as nature is the truth. If my words reflect my thoughts which are natural products of nature, then I have nothing to worry about. It is as it should be. Every word produced every moment is precise and accurate. 

But I'm not a perfect conductor. There's obviously some amount of stress, uncertainty and obfuscation due to my imperfections. But that's alright. The whole purpose of this blog is to allow this process to unfold, so that I become a better conductor of thoughts. 

And then there's this thing called the ego. Thoughts change the medium that conducts it.  It's like the conductor becoming oxidised, making it a less efficient conductor. Ego is formed as we interact with the world, congealing around our imperfections, creating impedances which further morph the flow of the truth.

I write to see my own imperfections. I analyse the stresses in my mind and trace them to their roots. Wherever possible, I untangle them. When the mind is quiet, only truth can emerge. This truth is to be savoured, refined and assimilated into the system. When that happens, we call it a moment of insight, an epiphany.

It's such a miracle; I started with a blank page. I had a thought and I wrote it down: I have an hour to write something today. An hour has now passed. That one thought had spawned off a series of neuronal firings, resulting in more thoughts, in physical movements of my fingers and voila, I have a blog article. And who knows, it'll probably trigger thoughts (which it already does, because you've come this far) and set things into motion in your universe. Have I made a difference?